The Books of I and II Samuel, also known as the Books of Samuel (originally one book), recount the life and times of the prophet Samuel, the establishment of the Israelite monarchy, and the reigns of the first two kings of Israel, Saul and David. They provide insights into the political, religious, and social aspects of ancient Israel during that period. Samuel (Shmuel in Hebrew) anointed both Saul and David as kings of Israel with the approval of G-d and at His command.